Numerical Study of Turbulent Wind Flow and Hydrocarbon Dispersion in Crude Oil Tank Farms

As a critical link connecting upstream and downstream sectors in the petrochemical industry, crude oil storage tank farms serve as vital hubs for production, transfer, and import/export operations, where safety management presents unique complexities. However, current safety regulations have failed to keep pace with the rapid development of the petrochemical sector, leading to frequent oil-gas leakage incidents. This study investigates the stress states of hydrocarbon components (both near-leakage sources and far-field) and their mixing characteristics with air under complex turbulent flow conditions. We establish a numerical model and solution algorithm capable of describing cross-scale oil-gas dispersion and cloud evolution dynamics. The model is applicable to (1)-High-speed regions near leakage sources (<300 m/s, without shockwave structures); (2)-Far-field environments where atmospheric turbulence dominates hydrogen dispersion concentration fields. Through numerical simulations studies conducted at an actual crude oil, we systematically analyze the "leakage-mixing, cloud formation, dispersion-migration, and flow-dilution" processes under various scenarios. The work quantifies the spreading range and concentration distribution of hydrocarbon clouds at different stages, providing theoretical guidance for quantitative risk assessment of oil-gas leaks in storage areas and Emergency response design.