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Conservation Planning for Promoting Ecosystem Service Provisioning Outside Protected Area Networks.

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Protecting areas outside of national parks is crucial for biodiversity and ecosystem services. Restoring wildlife corridors in Tanzania could yield millions annually, highlighting the need for integrated conservation strategies.

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areas outside protected area networks (OPAN areas)ecosystem‐based conservation (EBC) frameworkrestorationvaluing ecosystem services

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and conservation biology
  • Environmental economics
  • Land use science

Background:

  • Habitat loss due to unsustainable land use is a major driver of biodiversity loss, intensified by human population growth.
  • Protected Area Networks (PANs) are a key conservation strategy, but can neglect biodiversity and ecosystem services (ESs) in areas outside protected areas (OPANs).
  • Understanding human-biodiversity interactions in OPANs is vital for effective conservation and sustainable ecosystem service provision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the monetary value of selected ESs in Tanzania's OPANs using an ecosystem-based conservation (EBC) framework.
  • To evaluate how biodiversity and land use/land cover (LULC) types influence ES values in OPANs.
  • To model the potential ES benefits of restoring priority wildlife corridors by 2030.

Main Methods:

  • Application of a novel ecosystem-based conservation (EBC) framework in Tanzania.
  • Assessment of biodiversity and LULC types to determine monetary values of selected ESs in OPANs.
  • Scenario modeling for future ES generation from wildlife corridor restoration.

Main Results:

  • Waterbodies provided the highest ES value (US$12.8 billion) through water provision and flood control.
  • OPANs in miombo woodlands showed high ES value (US$12.4 billion), driven by flood control, water provision, and carbon storage.
  • Restoring degraded land in wildlife corridors could generate US$62.8 million annually, with carbon storage as the primary contributor.

Conclusions:

  • The monetary value of ESs in OPANs is significant and influenced by LULC types, biodiversity, and degradation levels.
  • Integrating OPANs into EBC frameworks is essential for holistic conservation, linking local restoration efforts with national and global biodiversity goals.
  • Restoration of degraded lands within wildlife corridors presents a substantial opportunity for enhancing ESs and biodiversity conservation.