Association between Health Eating Index-2015 and prostate-specific antigen levels: a cross-sectional study of NHANES...

Prostate cancer is the most common carcinoma among men worldwide. To elaborate the effect of dietary quality on prostate-specific antigen (PSA), we investigated the association between Health Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and PSA concentration from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

This cross-sectional analysis of men aged 40 years and older was enrolled from the year 2001-2004. Weighted multivariable logistic and linear regression models were employed to evaluate the association between the HEI-2015 and PSA level.

A total of 1,467 males were enrolled in the study. The results demonstrated that a higher HEI-2015 score was associated with a lower PSA level in the fully-adjusted model (β = -0.388, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = -0.746 to -0.030, P = 0.030). Specifically, the consumption of seafood and plant proteins group was found to have an inverse correlation with PSA levels (β = -0.049, 95% CI = -0.088 to -0.009, P = 0.020).

Our findings indicate that a higher HEI-2015 score is associated with a reduced risk of PSA among adult men aged 40-55 years in the United States. Furthermore, race, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol drinking may be modifiers of the relationship.