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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

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Multidimensional factors associated with ADHD core symptoms in children: cognition, sleep, behavior, and demographics

Yanhong Fu1, Zixi Qin2, Ling Qin1

  • 1Center for Cognitive and Sleep, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Brain and Mental Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|December 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) decreases with age and is more common in boys. Inattention (IA) is linked to learning problems, while HI is associated with conduct issues and sleep disturbances.

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Behavioral Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention (IA) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptoms.
  • These symptom dimensions may be associated with distinct developmental trajectories and behavioral profiles.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for effective ADHD management in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate demographic, cognitive, sleep, and behavioral factors associated with IA and HI symptoms in children with ADHD.
  • To differentiate the correlates of inattentive versus hyperactive-impulsive symptom dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 331 children (aged 6-12 years) diagnosed with ADHD.
  • Assessment of ADHD symptoms using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-IV (SNAP-IV).
  • Evaluation of cognitive function (DN: CAS), sleep disturbances (SDSC), and behavior (Conners PSQ).

Main Results:

  • Hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptoms were negatively associated with age and more prevalent in boys.
  • Inattention (IA) symptoms were linked to attentional deficits and learning problems.
  • HI symptoms showed stronger associations with conduct problems, sleep-wake disturbances, and lower anxiety levels.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a dimension-specific approach to understanding ADHD symptoms in children.
  • This research highlights the need for targeted interventions based on whether IA or HI symptoms predominate.
  • Differentiating between IA and HI symptom profiles can lead to more personalized and effective ADHD management strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDcognitive functionhyperactivity-impulsivityinattentionsleep disturbances

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