Artificial intelligence enhanced contemporary pulmonary hypertension care

All-cause pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased mortality and an enormous public health concern. However, given its complexity, multiple potential etiologies and inherent diagnostic challenges, PH diagnosis may be delayed or missed entirely. Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows potential to provide a simple but multifaceted, personalized approach for early identification of PH. AI-assisted patient triage may help highlight individuals requiring further investigation. Echocardiography may improve the identification of PH due to left heart disease and PH from other causes using a combination of AI systems such as image guidance, auto-measurement, deep phenotyping and smart reporting. Multi-level AI integrating clinical and echocardiographic data has the potential to democratize access to medical care and assist in selecting those most at risk for thorough evaluation at expert centers. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss how new technology including AI can assist in improving the diagnosis and management of PH.