Care dependency and postoperative recovery after total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study

This study aimed to determine the effect of care dependency levels on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients who undergo TKA may face difficulties in performing daily living activities after surgery. Care dependency is a critical factor that can negatively impact the recovery process. Therefore, evaluating its influence is important for improving postoperative outcomes.

This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 100 patients who underwent TKA between February 1, 2023, and February 1, 2024, and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Care Dependency Scale (CDS), and the Postoperative Recovery Index (PoRI). The CDS assessed the patients' levels of dependency, while the PoRI evaluated their recovery status. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.

The mean age of participants was 63.90 ± 7.87 years; 75% were female, and 79% were married. Among them, 55% were primary school graduates and 49% were unemployed. Right knee surgery was performed in 50% of the cases; 53% had chronic illnesses, and 43% had a prior surgical history. The mean CDS score was 58.43 ± 9.87, and the mean PoRI score was 2.82 ± 0.68. Based on CDS scores, 46% of the patients were classified as "dependent." A significant correlation was found between increased age and greater difficulty in both care dependency and recovery. However, gender did not have a statistically significant effect on recovery.

The study revealed that higher care dependency levels negatively affect postoperative recovery in TKA patients. Recovery was particularly more challenging for older individuals, those with chronic conditions, lower education levels, and prior surgeries. These findings highlight the need for individualized nursing and care plans, especially for patients with high care dependency.