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Effect of one session of hyperbaric oxygen (2.5 ATA for 60 min) after moderate-intensity exercise on fatigue: a

Kazuyoshi Yagishita^1,2, Junya Aizawa³, Shunske Ohji³

¹Hyperbaric Medical Center, Science Tokyo Hospital, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

|December 1, 2025

Abstract

Objectives:

Although insufficient delivery of oxygen may be a factor in physical and perceived fatigue, the relationship between exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and recovery from perceived fatigue remains unexplained. The purpose of this single-blind study was to investigate the effects of exposure to HBO after long-duration, medium-intensity training on recovery from perceived fatigue.

Methods:

Fatigue was induced in nine male university students (mean age: 21.3 years) using an ergometer exercise bike at a moderate intensity of 75% of their maximum heart rate for 60 min. Post-workout, the subjects randomly received an intervention comprising exposure to HBO or mild hyperbaric air (MHA) as a control in a single-blind experimental trial. Blood tests were conducted, and perceived fatigue was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) at five time points. A crossover trial was conducted 1 week later.

Results:

In the HBO group, the pre- to post-intervention mean VAS scores for whole-body fatigue significantly improved from 48.4 to 28.7 (p < 0.001). However, in the MHA group, the improvement was not statistically significant. The majority of the hematological assessments, including C-reactive protein level, white blood cell count, creatine kinase level, lactic acid level, T-cell count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and natural killer cell count, did not show any significant between-group differences; however, the blood urea nitrogen and free fatty acids levels 1.5 h after intervention and Mg levels immediately after intervention were significantly higher in the HBO group.

Conclusions:

The results of this study showed that perceived fatigue evaluated using the VAS score significantly improved in the HBO group in a blinded trial. However, this was not objectively supported by the blood test results. HBO may have effects on recovery from perceived fatigue following long-duration, moderate-intensity exercise; however, the results of this study could not determine the efficacy of HBO on exercise-induced fatigue.

Clinical Trial Registration:

https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN81080077, identifier ISRCTN81080077.

Keywords:

fatigue hyperbaric oxygen moderate-intensity exercise randomized trial visual analog scale (VAS)

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