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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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Storage conditions differentially alter the human tooth enamel proteome.

Hakan Karaaslan1, Baptiste Depalle2, Felicitas B Bidlack1

  • 1ADA Forsyth Institute, Somerville, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Dental Medicine
|December 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Storing extracted human teeth in 70% ethanol at room temperature provides proteomic results comparable to -80°C storage. This offers a practical alternative for enamel research, ensuring consistent and reliable analysis of biological information in dental enamel.

Keywords:
enamelproteomeproteomicsstoragetooth

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Proteomics
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Human teeth, particularly dental enamel, serve as valuable historical records of health and disease due to their mineralization process.
  • Understanding how storage conditions impact the preservation of biological information within enamel is crucial for accurate analysis.
  • Dental enamel preserves biological information through mineralization, creating a fossil-like record.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of different storage conditions on the enamel proteome.
  • To compare the efficacy of common dental research storage protocols for preserving enamel proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Human third molars were collected and stored for 4 months under four conditions: -80°C, 70% ethanol (EtOH) at room temperature (RT), air-dried (Air) at RT, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with sodium azide at RT.
  • Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was performed on the stored enamel samples.

Main Results:

  • Proteomic analysis identified a significant number of proteins across all storage conditions, with -80°C and 70% EtOH yielding the highest counts (454 and 460 proteins, respectively).
  • Key enamel-specific proteins were detected in all groups, but their relative abundances varied based on storage method.
  • The preservation of specific protein families differed across the tested storage conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Storage in 70% ethanol at room temperature offers a practical and effective alternative to -80°C for preserving the enamel proteome.
  • Standardized storage protocols are essential to minimize bias in protein detection and ensure comparability of enamel proteomics data across studies.
  • Findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate storage methods for reliable dental enamel research.