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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

DNA Electrophoresis Using Thiazole Orange Instead of Ethidium Bromide or Alternative Dyes

DNA Electrophoresis Using Thiazole Orange Instead of Ethidium Bromide or Alternative Dyes

Published on: March 31, 2019

Thiazole orange: a complement to established methods for diagnosing inherited dense granule defects.

Myriam Martin^1,2, Karin Strandberg^1,3, Eva Zetterberg⁴

¹Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Office for Medical Services, Coagulation Laboratory Malmö, Sweden.

|December 1, 2025

Summary

Thiazole orange (TO) offers a promising diagnostic method for dense granule deficiencies in platelets. This flow cytometry marker effectively distinguishes quantitative defects from release defects, aiding in diagnosing inherited platelet disorders.

Keywords:

Dense granules flow cytometric activation assay inherited platelet disorder light transmission aggregometry platelet granule defects thiazole orange

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Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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Published on: October 20, 2017

Area of Science:

Hematology
Flow Cytometry
Platelet Physiology

Background:

Inherited delta storage pool deficiencies are often underdiagnosed due to limited diagnostic tools.
Accurate diagnosis of platelet dense granule disorders presents challenges for clinical laboratories.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate thiazole orange (TO) as a flow cytometric marker for platelet dense granules.
To compare TO with mepacrine for dense granule detection after protocol optimization.
To assess TO's utility in differentiating quantitative granule defects from release defects.

Main Methods:

Optimization of thiazole orange (TO) and mepacrine staining protocols for flow cytometry.
Assessment of TO and mepacrine binding to dense granules in resting and activated platelets.
Pilot study comparing TO staining with light aggregometry and CD63 expression in patients with suspected inherited platelet disorders.

Main Results:

TO binds dense granules, showing a strong signal in resting platelets that decreases upon activation due to degranulation.
Mepacrine showed a less pronounced signal decrease upon activation compared to TO.
TO successfully differentiated quantitative dense granule defects from release defects, identifying abnormalities missed by other methods in a pilot study.

Conclusions:

Thiazole orange (TO) is a promising diagnostic tool for identifying dense granule defects.
TO can serve as a valuable complement to existing methods in the workup of inherited platelet disorders.
TO's ability to track gradual dense granule release aids in distinguishing defect types.