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Updated: Aug 11, 2026

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism
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From Stimulation to Interpretation: Psychodynamic Aspects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Michael Hale1, Mark L Ruffalo2

  • 1University of Central Florida College of Medicine.

Psychodynamic Psychiatry
|December 1, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
neuromodulationneuroplasticitypsychodynamic psychotherapytherapeutic alliancetranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

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