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Computational fluid dynamics in aortic arch pathologies: current applications, challenges, and future perspectives.

Augusto F Sanches¹, Zicheng Wan^2,3,4, Natasha Hasemaki²

¹Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany - augusto.sanches@med.uni-muenchen.de.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

|December 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) aids vascular surgery by analyzing complex aortic arch hemodynamics. CFD quantifies flow disturbances, improving surgical planning and patient outcomes in aortic arch diseases.

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Area of Science:

Vascular Surgery
Biomedical Engineering
Medical Imaging

Background:

The aortic arch presents anatomical complexities influencing hemodynamics.
Disturbed blood flow in the aortic arch is linked to disease progression and surgical complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in aortic arch pathologies.
To highlight advances, limitations, and future directions for CFD in vascular surgery.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on CFD applications in aortic arch disease.
Analysis of hemodynamic biomarkers derived from CFD simulations.
Discussion of clinical translation challenges and potential solutions.

Main Results:

CFD quantifies hemodynamic biomarkers (e.g., wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index) relevant to aortic arch pathologies.
CFD aids in preoperative planning, device design, and postoperative surveillance.
Clinical translation is limited by imaging quality, workflow complexity, and lack of standardization.

Conclusions:

CFD shows significant potential for precision vascular surgery of the aortic arch.
Future directions include workflow automation, machine learning, and real-time simulation for clinical adoption.
Standardization and prospective validation are crucial for integrating CFD into routine clinical practice.