Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2026
08:31
A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
Published on: October 16, 2021
4.3K
What does the automated performance metric "console time" tell in robotically assisted mitral valve repair?
Kei Kobayashi1, Yizhan Guo1, Andrea Amabile1
1Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, 200 Lothrop Street C-718, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Journal of Robotic Surgery
|December 1, 2025
Summary
Console time in robotically assisted mitral valve repair (raMVR) correlates with procedural complexity and operative intensity. This automated metric can predict operative intensity and aid in surgical planning and outcome assessment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiac Surgery
- Robotic Surgery
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Console time is an automated performance metric (APM) in robotic cardiac surgery.
- Its predictive value for cardiac surgery outcomes is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate factors associated with console time during robotically assisted mitral valve repair (raMVR).
- To assess the relationship between console time and pre-, intra-, and post-operative outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 150 raMVR patients (7/2021-12/2024).
- Extraction of console time and APMs from robotic system logs.
- Application of correlation analysis, multivariable linear regression, and MANOVA.
Main Results:
- Mean console time was 123.2 ± 47.0 min.
- Console time correlated with BMI, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, aortic cross-clamp (ACC) time, and hospital stay.
- Factors like decalcification, ACC time, CPB time, complex repair techniques, and annular calcification independently predicted longer console times.
- Higher console time tertiles were associated with poorer postoperative outcomes, with lower tertiles showing increased likelihood of intraoperative extubation.
Conclusions:
- Console time is a valuable, objective metric reflecting procedural complexity and operative intensity in raMVR.
- It can be utilized for intra-operative assessment, surgical planning, and early prediction of outcomes in robotic cardiac surgery programs.
Related Concept Videos
01:14Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines
The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
However, in reality, no machine can be truly ideal, and all of them experience some...
However, in reality, no machine can be truly ideal, and all of them experience some...
01:10Control Systems
Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
At the heart...
01:25Control Systems: Applications
Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
In modern vehicles, control systems manage various functions to enhance performance and safety. The steering wheel and accelerator are primary inputs in a car's control system. The direction...
In modern vehicles, control systems manage various functions to enhance performance and safety. The steering wheel and accelerator are primary inputs in a car's control system. The direction...
01:07Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
01:25Distribution Reliability and Automation
Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
01:28Bioreactor Controls-I
Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...