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Area of Science:

Nanophotonics
Materials Science
Nonlinear Optics

Background:

Metasurfaces offer unique light manipulation capabilities.
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a transparent conductive oxide with potential for nonlinear applications.
Disordered silver nanoparticles (DSNPs) can enhance light-matter interactions through plasmonic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an ITO-based metasurface integrated with DSNPs.
To investigate the nonlinear optical properties of the developed metasurface.
To demonstrate its potential for low-power, high-integration-density nanophotonic devices.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an ultrathin metasurface (∼35 nm) comprising ITO and DSNPs.
Characterization of localized plasmon resonance coupling between DSNPs and the ITO layer.
Measurement of nonlinear optical responses across the visible-to-near-infrared spectrum.

Main Results:

The DSNPs coupled and confined incident light within the ITO layer, inducing strong nonlinear responses.
Minimal polarization dependence (<15% fluctuation) was observed across a broad spectrum.
A high nonlinear refractive index (>0.1 cm²/GW, max 1.24 cm²/GW) was achieved at a low pump intensity (0.2 GW/cm²).

Conclusions:

The developed ITO-based metasurface with DSNPs enables efficient nonlinear light-matter interactions.
This technology offers a promising solution for low-power, high-integration-density nonlinear nanophotonic devices.
It paves the way for advanced all-optical control applications.