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Innovative design and evaluation of medical nebulizer for preschool children: A user demand-driven approach

YanXiao Zhao1, Tao Wang1,2, LiMing Zhang3

  • 1Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Plos One
|December 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study introduces a user-centered design framework for children's medical nebulizers, combining User Journey Mapping (UJM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to improve nebulizer design and user satisfaction.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric medical device design
  • Human-centered design methodologies
  • Healthcare technology innovation

Background:

  • Children's medical nebulizers require improved user experience and treatment efficacy.
  • Current nebulizer designs may not fully address the needs of pediatric users.
  • Enhanced adherence and satisfaction are critical for effective nebulization therapy in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore an innovative design and evaluation method for children's medical nebulizers.
  • To enhance user experience, satisfaction, and treatment adherence for pediatric nebulizer users.
  • To identify crucial demand indicators influencing the design of children's medical nebulizers.

Main Methods:

  • User behaviors and needs analysis via field observations, User Journey Mapping (UJM), interviews, and KJ method.
  • Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine indicator weights and priorities for nebulizer design.
  • Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) to assess user satisfaction of the novel design against a case study.

Main Results:

  • The integrated approach accurately captures diverse user needs for pediatric nebulizers.
  • A hierarchical model of demand indicators was constructed and prioritized using AHP.
  • FCE demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the innovative design scheme.

Conclusions:

  • Combining UJM, KJ method, AHP, and FCE enhances the design and evaluation of children's medical nebulizers.
  • This systematic framework leads to products with improved user satisfaction and adherence.
  • Provides theoretical guidance and practical reference for designing preschool-aged children's medical nebulizers.
Abstract

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