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Engineering Chalcogenide-Containing Spacers: Modulating Internal Interactions for Enhanced Performance and Stability
Yi Shen1, Zhengxun Lai2, Siliang Hu1
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
ACS Nano
|December 1, 2025
Summary
Engineered two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites using thiophene spacers to enhance stability. Optimized organic spacers significantly improve perovskite durability and photodetector performance.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Solid-State Chemistry
- Optoelectronics
Background:
- Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) halide perovskites offer improved stability over 3D counterparts for optoelectronic applications.
- Instability in 2D RP perovskites stems from weak interactions between organic layers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To engineer 2D RP perovskites with enhanced stability by investigating organic spacer modifications.
- To understand the influence of heteroatom type and spacer regiochemistry on perovskite stability.
Main Methods:
- Synthesized 2D RP perovskites utilizing four organic spacers: 3-thiophene-methylammonium (3-TMA), 3-furan-methylammonium (3-FMA), 2-thiophene-methylammonium (2-TMA), and 2-furan-methylammonium (2-FMA).
- Evaluated the impact of spacer structure on the interaction strength between organic and inorganic layers.
- Fabricated and characterized perovskite photodetectors using optimized spacers.
Main Results:
- Thiophene-based spacers demonstrated more robust bonding to inorganic layers compared to furan-based spacers.
- The 3-TMA spacer significantly enhanced organic layer interactions and improved RP perovskite stability under ambient and thermal stress.
- Perovskite photodetectors utilizing the 3-TMA spacer achieved a responsivity of 153 mA/W and detectivity of 1.7 × 1010 Jones.
Conclusions:
- Spacer heteroatom type and regiochemistry are critical factors in determining 2D RP perovskite stability.
- Strategic engineering of organic spacers, particularly the 3-TMA configuration, leads to significantly more durable perovskite materials.
- This work provides a pathway for designing high-performance, stable perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
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