Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores02:26

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

29.4K
Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
29.4K
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

126.2K
Overview
126.2K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

83.3K
Overview
83.3K
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

8.5K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
8.5K
Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

59.9K
The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
59.9K
Plant Cell Wall01:07

Plant Cell Wall

7.2K
Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From "synthetic" to defined microbial communities for clearer terminology.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Pseudomonas volatiles shape the root transcriptome and microbiome to promote plant growth under drought.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Downy mildew disease-suppressive soils transmit a protective core microbiome to the phyllosphere.

The ISME journal·2026
Same author

Microbiome responses to natural <i>Fusarium</i> infection in field-grown soybean plants.

Plant and soil·2026
Same author

Roots: metabolic architects of beneficial microbiome assembly.

Plant physiology·2025
Same author

Arabidopsis root defense barriers support beneficial interactions with rhizobacterium Pseudomonas simiae WCS417.

The New phytologist·2025
Same journal

Secretory Circuits of Symbiosis in <i>Medicago truncatula</i>.

Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI·2026
Same journal

A Splicing Twist in Ubiquitin-Mediated Immunity.

Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI·2026
Same journal

Divergent Roles of CPK28 in Immune Homeostasis Across Land Plants.

Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI·2026
Same journal

RasGEFs Play Essential Roles in the Biology of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and Can Be Used as HIGS Targets for Disease Management.

Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI·2026
Same journal

A Conserved Transcription Factor Domain Drives Necrotrophic Effector-Mediated Virulence and Putative Protein Interactions in <i>Parastagonospora nodorum</i>.

Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI·2026
Same journal

Pathogen Species-Specific Differences in Induction of the Maize <i>Polyubiquitin</i> Gene Promoter in Transgenic Wheat.

Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
11:50

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

22.6K

The Extended Plant Immune System.

Corné M J Pieterse1

  • 1Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions : MPMI
|December 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant immunity has evolved from a gene-for-gene concept to an "extended plant immune system" involving the microbiome. This framework integrates microbial partners for coordinated community-level defense and sustainable crop protection.

Keywords:
induced systemic resistancemicrobiome–root–shoot axisplant growth-promoting rhizobacteriaplant microbiome

More Related Videos

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants
08:45

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

27.7K
Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
10:07

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

24.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
11:50

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

22.6K
Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants
08:45

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

27.7K
Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
10:07

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

24.5K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Harold Henry Flor's gene-for-gene concept revolutionized understanding of plant disease resistance.
  • Modern plant immunity research recognizes the plant's interaction with a diverse microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the historical progression of plant immunity research from molecular recognition to community-level defense.
  • To integrate classical plant immunity with emerging plant-microbiome concepts.
  • To frame microbiome-mediated disease protection as an extension of the plant's innate immune system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing historical research on plant immunity.
  • Analysis of the evolution of the gene-for-gene concept.
  • Integration of molecular genetics and ecological perspectives on plant-microbiome interactions.

Main Results:

  • The concept of plant immunity has expanded to an
  • extended plant immune system
  • incorporating microbial partners for community-level defense.
  • Microbiome-mediated plant immunity is underpinned by genetically determined molecular processes.
  • Mechanisms include host-driven microbiota recruitment and microbial pathogen suppression.

Conclusions:

  • The plant microbiome plays a crucial role in extending the plant's immune system.
  • Understanding this extended immunity provides a foundation for sustainable crop protection strategies.
  • This integrated perspective reframes plant immunity as a complex, community-level phenomenon.