Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies on chronic lesion tissue expansion.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Relating perivascular imaging measures to longitudinal lesion evolution and chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same author

Ultra-low-field MRI for bedside imaging of severe multiple sclerosis.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Disease-modifying treatment preferences and decision-making in a multiple sclerosis randomized and observational clinical trial (DELIVER-MS).

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Predicting disease progression in multiple sclerosis with clinically accessible information and technology.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Dura mater enhancement on 3T MRI is associated with cortical lesion burden in multiple sclerosis.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a 5-year experience in a tertiary hospital in Northern Vietnam.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Cell-type-specific Mendelian randomization analysis of brain single-nucleus eQTLs and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder risk.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Detection of Aquaporin-4 antibody in cerebrospinal fluid in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Adjunctive gypenosides for acute optic neuritis: A prematurely terminated randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial in a cohort with frequent AQP4-IgG positivity.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Genetic and molecular architecture of multiple sclerosis in gulf cooperation council populations: A scoping review and regional precision-neurology perspective.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same journal

Rising burden and future projections of multiple sclerosis in East Asia: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.3K

Auditory test of processing speed: Further validation and test-retest reliability.

Jacob Balconi1, Michael Jaworski2, Omid Mirmosayyeb1

  • 1Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|December 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The improved Auditory Test of Processing Speed (ATOPS) effectively distinguishes people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) from healthy volunteers and identifies cognitive impairment. This auditory cognitive test shows promising reliability for assessing processing speed in PwMS.

Keywords:
CognitionMultiple sclerosisNeuropsychological testsProcessing speedPsychometrics

More Related Videos

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

17.0K
Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
11:25

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Published on: October 11, 2010

16.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.3K
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

17.0K
Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
11:25

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Published on: October 11, 2010

16.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Assessment

Background:

  • The Auditory Test of Processing Speed (ATOPS) is a novel cognitive assessment designed for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), minimizing visual and non-speed cognitive demands.
  • Previous findings indicated promising validity and patient acceptability for the initial ATOPS version.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate an enhanced version of the ATOPS for its known-groups validity, construct validity, and test-retest reliability.
  • To assess the ATOPS's ability to differentiate between individuals with and without multiple sclerosis, and between cognitively impaired and preserved PwMS.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 42 PwMS and 48 healthy volunteers (HVs) completed the improved ATOPS and standard neuropsychological tests.
  • Statistical analyses included comparisons for group discrimination and Pearson correlations for convergent validity and reliability.

Main Results:

  • The ATOPS demonstrated significant ability to discriminate between PwMS and HVs (d = 0.769-1.298).
  • Correlations with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) supported convergent validity (|r|= 0.344-0.536).
  • The test effectively differentiated cognitively impaired from cognitively preserved PwMS on more challenging subtests (d = 0.890-0.995), with test-retest correlations ranging from r = 0.488-0.803.

Conclusions:

  • The evaluated ATOPS version exhibits strong known-groups validity and acceptable test-retest reliability for assessing processing speed in PwMS.
  • Manual data entry may impact reliability; a revised ATOPS incorporating voice recognition is under development and evaluation.