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Positive and negative reinforcement are key concepts in operant conditioning, a learning process where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
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Reinforcement Schedules01:24

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The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
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Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
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WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
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Double actor-critic with TD error-driven regularization in reinforcement learning.

Haohui Chen1, Zhiyong Chen2, Aoxiang Liu1

  • 1School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.

Neural Networks : the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society
|December 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We introduce TDDR, a novel reinforcement learning algorithm using double actors and critics with temporal difference error-driven regularization. This method enhances value estimation and simplifies implementation without extra hyperparameters, showing competitive performance.

Keywords:
Actor-criticCritic regularizationDouble actorsReinforcement learningTemporal difference

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Machine Learning
  • Reinforcement Learning

Background:

  • Value estimation is crucial for reinforcement learning (RL) performance.
  • Existing actor-critic methods can suffer from estimation inaccuracies.
  • Improving RL efficiency and stability remains an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel algorithm, TDDR, for enhanced value estimation in reinforcement learning.
  • To leverage the benefits of double actor-critic frameworks with novel regularization.
  • To simplify the implementation of advanced RL algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Developed TDDR, a double actor-critic algorithm with temporal difference error-driven regularization.
  • Utilized double actors, each paired with a critic, to maximize the advantages of double critics.
  • Introduced an innovative critic regularization architecture.

Main Results:

  • TDDR demonstrated superior value estimation compared to classical deterministic policy gradient methods.
  • The algorithm achieved competitive performance against 13 other algorithms on MuJoCo and Box2D tasks.
  • TDDR showed statistically significant performance improvements in several experimental environments.

Conclusions:

  • TDDR offers a simplified yet effective approach to reinforcement learning value estimation.
  • The algorithm's convergence properties were analyzed under different updating patterns.
  • TDDR represents a significant advancement in actor-critic frameworks for RL.