Zein-based drug delivery carriers for biomedical applications: An updated overview

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

• Zein, a protein derived from maize, is recognized for its versatile biomaterial properties.
• Its capacity to bind diverse molecules makes it suitable for advanced biomedical applications.
• Recent research highlights zein's potential in drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental aspects of zein as a biopolymer, including extraction and characterization.
• To provide an update on zein-based drug delivery systems, such as fibers, composites, films, and micro/nanoparticles.
• To explore the expanding biomedical applications of zein in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and theranostics.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of zein extraction, characterization, and modification techniques.
• Analysis of zein's use in various drug delivery formulations (fibers, composites, films, nanoparticles).
• Examination of biomedical applications including controlled drug release, protein/peptide delivery, vaccine delivery, gene therapy, and tissue engineering.

Main Results:

• Zein can be effectively extracted and characterized for biomaterial applications.
• Zein-based carriers, including blends with other polymers and fillers, demonstrate efficacy in drug delivery.
• Zein shows significant potential in diverse biomedical fields, from targeted drug delivery to tissue regeneration and theranostics.

Conclusions:

• Zein is a promising natural biopolymer with significant potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
• Its adaptability allows for the development of sophisticated drug delivery systems and advanced tissue engineering scaffolds.
• Further research and patent development underscore zein's growing importance in innovative healthcare solutions.