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tRNA-derived small RNAs-Biogenesis, functions, and potential applications in ocular diseases: A review
Zhixin Wang1, Qiuxiang Zhang1, Bingyan Li1
1Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|December 1, 2025
Summary
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are key regulators in gene expression and cellular signaling. These molecules play significant roles in ocular diseases, offering potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions.
- tsRNAs are generated from tRNA precursors or mature molecules.
- They are involved in epigenetic remodeling, transcriptional regulation, and translational modulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biogenesis, classification, and molecular mechanisms of tsRNAs.
- To examine the role of tsRNAs in ocular diseases.
- To discuss the potential of tsRNAs in diagnostics and therapeutics for eye conditions.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Analysis of existing research on tsRNA function and ocular disease involvement.
- Discussion of translational potential and future research directions.
Main Results:
- tsRNAs regulate critical processes in ocular diseases like AMD, DR, myopia, and cataract.
- They influence angiogenesis, inflammation, and neuronal homeostasis.
- Dynamic tsRNA expression in ocular tissues suggests biomarker potential.
Conclusions:
- tsRNAs are crucial in ocular disease pathogenesis.
- tsRNAs represent promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for eye diseases.
- Further research is needed to fully exploit tsRNA potential in clinical applications.
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