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Gut microbiota's causal effect on physical activity: Insights from two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Deyu Meng¹, Shichun He¹, Meiqi Wei¹

¹Division of Computational Biology, Chinese Center of Exercise Epidemiology, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.

Physiology & Behavior

|December 1, 2025

Summary

The gut microbiome may causally influence physical activity levels. Specific gut bacteria genera are linked to exercise, suggesting microbiome-targeted strategies to enhance physical health.

Keywords:

Causal effect Gut microbiota Mendelian randomization Physical activity

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Area of Science:

Human Microbiome Research
Genetics and Public Health
Exercise Physiology

Background:

The gut microbiome's role in health behaviors, including physical activity, is increasingly recognized.
Understanding the gut microbiota's influence on physical activity is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential causal relationship between gut microbiome composition and physical activity levels.
To identify specific gut microbial taxa associated with various physical activity metrics in European ancestry populations.

Main Methods:

Utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.
Employed genome-wide association study data from MiBioGen consortium and UK Biobank.
Assessed numerous gut microbiome taxa for causal effects on physical activity, including moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous activity, and accelerometer-derived metrics.

Main Results:

Identified significant causal associations between specific gut microbiome genera and physical activity.
Found that certain gut taxa correlate with physiological states and behaviors that support physical exertion.
Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings, ruling out significant heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or reverse causation.

Conclusions:

The gut microbiota appears to play a causal role in modulating physical activity.
These findings support the development of microbiome-based interventions to promote physical activity and improve health outcomes.