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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
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Gauss-Newton inversion of ground transient electromagnetic data using COMSOL multiphysics.

Fan Li1, Peng Wang2, Kai Lu2

  • 1College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China. lifan@xust.edu.cn.

Scientific Reports
|December 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a Gauss-Newton inversion framework for Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) data using COMSOL Multiphysics. The method accurately models subsurface structures, proving effective in field applications for resource exploration.

Keywords:
3D forward modelingFinite element method (FEM)InversionSensitivity matrixTransient electromagnetic method (TEM)

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Computational Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) methods are crucial for subsurface exploration.
  • COMSOL Multiphysics offers flexible 3D modeling but faces challenges in sensitivity matrix computation for inversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust Gauss-Newton inversion framework for TEM data using COMSOL Multiphysics.
  • To overcome the computational challenges of sensitivity matrix calculation in 3D TEM inversion.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a virtual magnetic source and adjoint field method for 3D sensitivity matrix computation within COMSOL.
  • Integrated the sensitivity matrix computation with the Gauss-Newton algorithm for an iterative inversion workflow.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high accuracy (relative error < 1.4%) in forward modeling compared to analytical solutions.
  • Demonstrated robust convergence in only 4 iterations for a complex layered model.
  • Successfully delineated water-conducting zones in a field case study, consistent with borehole data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides a convenient and accurate computational solution for 3D TEM inversion.
  • The method significantly enhances the practical applicability of TEM for complex geological scenarios.
  • Validated through numerical simulations and a field case study in a coal mine environment.