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Parental exercise benefits offspring health across generations through epigenetic changes. Male offspring gain metabolic advantages, while females show improved cardiac function, highlighting sex-specific effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise science
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Physical activity and exercise training are recognized for chronic disease prevention and mortality reduction.
  • Evidence suggests exercise benefits extend to subsequent generations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings (past 10 years) on parental exercise effects on offspring.
  • To explore mechanisms of transmission and sex-specific differences in these generational benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature published within the last decade.
  • Focus on studies investigating epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modification, small non-coding RNAs).

Main Results:

  • Parental exercise influences offspring development via epigenetic modifications.
  • Paternal exercise impacts sperm's small RNA pool and methylation profiles.
  • Maternal exercise affects the in utero environment and lactation.

Conclusions:

  • Male offspring exhibit enhanced metabolic benefits from parental exercise.
  • Female offspring show greater cardiac improvements compared to males.
  • Generational exercise effects are sex-dependent, requiring further research into molecular mechanisms and long-term implications.