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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Synergistic and heterogeneous aging using composite phenotypes and multiple organ systems aging clocks.

Yucan Li1,2, Xinming Xu3, Yi Zheng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

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Biological age offers precise aging insights, revealing significant organ-level aging disparities. This study developed multi-modal aging clocks, highlighting accelerated brain and kidney aging and their links to health risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Assessing biological age provides a precise perspective on aging.
  • Understanding organ-level aging disparities is crucial for comprehensive health assessments.
  • Existing research highlights the need for deeper investigation into heterogeneous aging patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate organ-specific aging rates and their relationship with overall biological age.
  • To develop and validate multi-modal aging clocks incorporating various physiological and cognitive measures.
  • To explore the mediating roles of organ aging in the relationship between lifestyle factors and health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-scale phenotypes from 904 individuals (aged 55-65) in the Taizhou Imaging Study.
  • Incorporated brain imaging, cognitive tests, blood biochemistry, omics, and physical measures.
  • Developed multi-modal aging clocks for organ systems, cognition, and the whole body, assessing age correlations.

Main Results:

  • Composite phenotypes of the cardiovascular system and bone act as aging clock features.
  • Accelerated brain and kidney aging partially mediate smoking's effect on olfactory decline.
  • Biological ages of the cardiovascular system, bone, metabolism, and brain correlate more strongly with cardiovascular risk than chronological age.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals valuable insights into multi-phenotypic aging through the overlap of composite phenotypes and biological age.
  • Identified heterogeneity in aging processes across different organ systems.
  • Findings suggest potential for personalized interventions targeting organ-specific aging to manage age-related diseases.