Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

12.1K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
12.1K
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

6.1K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
6.1K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.5K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.5K
Characteristics of OpAmp01:17

Characteristics of OpAmp

1.7K
The operational amplifier, commonly known as an op-amp, is a specially designed electronic circuit component. Its purpose is to work in conjunction with other circuit elements to execute a defined signal-processing operation. Consider an equivalent circuit model of an op-amp, as depicted in Figure 1; the output section comprises a voltage-controlled source in parallel with the output resistance Ro.
1.7K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

11.1K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
11.1K
Operon Model01:23

Operon Model

1.0K
The operon model represents a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes, enabling coordinated expression of genes involved in related metabolic or functional pathways. Operons consist of structural genes, a promoter, and an operator, with transcription regulated by repressors, activators, and small effector molecules.Structure and Function of OperonsAn operon is a cluster of structural genes transcribed together under the control of a single promoter. The promoter region...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improvement of the biological performance of filling materials for primary teeth after pulpectomy by incorporating Ca-polyP microparticles.

Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials·2026
Same author

Reward prediction is encoded by orexin neuron activity during motivated behavior.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

GABAergic projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the preoptic area regulate the timing of torpor in mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Genome-Wide Identification of Sigma Factors in <i>Brassica napus</i> and Role of <i>BnSIG5A</i> in Response to Cold Stress.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Central obesity measured by weight-adjusted waist index is associated with lean MASLD.

Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "The neuro-behavioral contributions of early parental autonomy support to executive function" [Behav. Brain Res. 505 (2026) 116118].

Behavioural brain research·2026
Same journal

In vivo biomechanical property detection of the ciliary muscle based on optical coherence tomography and digital image correlation technology.

Eye and vision (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Prediction of axial elongation in adults with high myopia: the Wenzhou High Myopia Cohort Study.

Eye and vision (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulations reveal shared mechanisms and myopia-specific targets of atropine in myopia and dry eye disease.

Eye and vision (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Joint effects of visual acuity impairment and visual field loss on reading performance: a low-vision simulation in Chinese readers.

Eye and vision (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Differential regulation of myopia progression by ON and OFF stimulation in guinea pigs.

Eye and vision (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Choroidal vascular biomarkers for macular neovascularization in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: insights from widefield indocyanine green angiography.

Eye and vision (London, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo
08:17

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Published on: September 22, 2017

20.0K

The physiological functions of OPN5m.

Jiali Ma1,2,3, Sheikh Mizanur Rahaman4, Yu Ohmura5,6

  • 1Beijing Institute for Brain Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102206, China.

Eye and Vision (London, England)
|December 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opsin 5 (OPN5m) is a light-sensitive receptor in mammals with diverse signaling roles. Insufficient violet light exposure may impact health, potentially contributing to myopia.

Keywords:
Circadian photoentrainmentG protein-coupled receptorHypothalamusLight-dependent signalingMyopia suppressionNon-visual photoreceptionOPN5Retinal ganglion cellsThermoregulationViolet light

More Related Videos

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
10:16

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Published on: July 13, 2015

27.3K
In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ
10:11

In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ

Published on: September 10, 2016

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo
08:17

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Published on: September 22, 2017

20.0K
Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
10:16

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Published on: July 13, 2015

27.3K
In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ
10:11

In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ

Published on: September 10, 2016

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Photobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Opsin 5 (OPN5), or neuropsin, is a violet/UV light-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
  • Mammals possess OPN5m, while non-mammals have OPN5L1/L2; OPN5m is a non-visual photopigment in extra-retinal tissues.
  • Species-specific signaling (Gq vs. Gi) in OPN5m underlies diverse physiological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular diversity, expression, signaling, and physiological roles of mammalian OPN5m.
  • To discuss the clinical relevance of OPN5m in changing light environments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of OPN5m research across vertebrate species.
  • Analysis of species-specific signaling pathways (Gq/Gi) and their physiological outcomes.
  • Examination of OPN5m's role in various biological processes and potential health implications.

Main Results:

  • OPN5m exhibits varied signaling (Gq/Gi) across species, influencing functions like circadian rhythms, thermoregulation, and myopia suppression.
  • Extra-retinal OPN5m expression in skin, testes, and brain highlights its broad physiological importance.
  • Diverse roles include vascular development, wound healing, reproduction, and hormone release.

Conclusions:

  • OPN5m's diverse signaling mechanisms are crucial for numerous physiological processes.
  • Reduced violet light exposure from modern lifestyles may impair OPN5m function, potentially linking to health issues like myopia.
  • Further research into OPN5m is warranted for understanding and addressing light-related health concerns.