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A comprehensive embryonic staging series of the turtle Trachemys scripta
Christina M Noravian1, Perla G Rand1, Amira Mahomed1
1Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Summary
Researchers developed a comprehensive developmental staging system for Trachemys scripta embryos, aiding future embryology research. This normal table of development supports experimental manipulations with turtle embryos.
Area of Science:
- Developmental biology
- Evolutionary developmental biology
- Herpetology
Background:
- Turtles are evolutionarily significant but understudied in embryology.
- They offer unique insights into vertebrate development.
- Establishing model organisms is crucial for experimental embryology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create a comprehensive normal table of development for Trachemys scripta embryos.
- To support experimental manipulations and staging of turtle embryos.
- To establish Trachemys scripta as a model organism in developmental research.
Main Methods:
- Collected approximately 300 viable Trachemys scripta eggs over multiple nesting seasons.
- Described embryonic development from oviposition (0 DPO) to hatching (~60 DPO).
- Utilized bright-field and confocal microscopy for morphological imaging and cataloging.
Main Results:
- Identified and described 31 distinct developmental stages for Trachemys scripta embryos.
- Cataloged anatomical structures using the Standard Event System (SES) chart.
- Documented morphological characteristics through detailed imaging.
Conclusions:
- The developed staging series facilitates Chelonian embryo research.
- It integrates existing staging practices with new details on Trachemys scripta gastrulation.
- A photographic annotated glossary and SES criteria enhance the staging system.
