HIV/AIDS knowledge and educational needs among Sudanese health science students: A cross-sectional study

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a significant global public health challenge, with the African region bearing the highest burden. In Sudan, rising HIV incidence is exacerbated by widespread poverty, limited awareness, and ongoing civil conflict. Health science students play a crucial role in HIV prevention and management, making their knowledge and education essential. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of Sudanese health science students regarding HIV/AIDS transmission, infection control, sources of information, and the need for further education. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 8 Sudanese universities and included 1463 health science students from various faculties (Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing, and Laboratory Sciences) in Sudan during the period from July to October 2024. Data were collected via an online questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to identify knowledge gaps and educational needs. The majority of participants (1059; 72%) were above 21 years old, with a female predominance (1015; 69%). Academic lectures (616; 42.1%) and the internet (524; 35.8%) were the primary sources of HIV/AIDS knowledge. However, significant gaps were identified, with 939 (64%) students expressing a need for further education, particularly in clinical management (1231; 84%) and referral guidelines (1102; 75%). Commonly identified high-risk groups included healthcare workers (1048; 71.6%) and barbers (1039; 71%). Barriers to HIV prevention included socioeconomic factors (932; 63%) and limited healthcare facilities (789; 53%). There is an urgent need to enhance HIV education among Sudanese health science students. Integrating structured HIV/AIDS training into medical curricula and expanding public health awareness initiatives could improve knowledge, reduce stigma, and ultimately strengthen HIV prevention and management efforts in Sudan.