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Related Concept Videos

Weir: Problem Solving01:26

Weir: Problem Solving

422
Water flow in open channels is often measured using hydraulic structures such as weirs, which allow precise calculation of discharge. In a rectangular channel, flow rates are measured using three types of weirs: rectangular sharp-crested, triangular sharp-crested, and broad-crested. The weir head is set at a fixed height above the channel bottom, simplifying calculations and enabling the relationship between depth and flow rate to be analyzed.For the rectangular sharp-crested weir, the flow...
422
Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel

741
Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
741
Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

645
Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
645
Weir01:24

Weir

435
A weir is a hydraulic structure designed to partially obstruct an open channel, enabling precise control and measurement of water flow. By forcing water to flow over or through it, a weir allows for accurate determination of discharge rates, making it an essential tool in water resource management. These structures are extensively used in regulating river flows, irrigation systems, and flood control channels.Types of Weirs and Their FeaturesWeirs are categorized primarily into sharp-crested and...
435
Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving01:18

Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving

417
To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
417
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

404
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
404

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Parameterizing V-notch Weir Equations for Flow Monitoring in a Drainage Control Structure
07:15

Parameterizing V-notch Weir Equations for Flow Monitoring in a Drainage Control Structure

Published on: April 25, 2025

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Artificial Intelligence for Hydraulic Engineering: Predicting discharge coefficients in trapezoidal side weirs.

Mehdi Fuladipanah1, Saleema Panda2, Namal Rathnayake3

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Ramh. C., Islamic Azad University, Ramhormoz, Iran.

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering : MBE
|December 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) framework for predicting the discharge coefficient (Cd) in side weirs. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) demonstrated superior accuracy compared to other machine learning models.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligencedischarge coefficientlateral weirnon-linear weirwater management

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Area of Science:

  • Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics
  • Computational Intelligence
  • Water Resources Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate prediction of the discharge coefficient (Cd) is crucial for the hydraulic design and performance of side weirs.
  • Traditional methods for Cd prediction can be limited in accuracy for complex geometries like trapezoidal labyrinth side weirs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and compare artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning models (MLMs) for enhanced prediction of Cd in two-cycle trapezoidal labyrinth side weirs.
  • To identify the most influential hydraulic and geometric parameters affecting Cd prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Three MLMs (Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network, Gene Expression Programming) were developed using a laboratory dataset.
  • Sensitivity analysis using the Γ-test identified five key input parameters: Fr, L/B, Le/L, (Y1-P)/P, and α.
  • Model performance was evaluated using RMSE, MAE, R², and Cd(DDRmax) across training, testing, and validation phases.

Main Results:

  • All three developed MLMs proved effective in predicting Cd.
  • The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, specifically an MLP5-7-1 architecture, exhibited the highest predictive accuracy and robustness.
  • The ANN model achieved excellent validation results, with RMSE = 0.0061, MAE = 0.0003, R² = 0.9301, and Cd(DDRmax) = 5.22.

Conclusions:

  • Machine learning models, particularly ANN, offer a precise and efficient approach for predicting Cd in complex hydraulic structures.
  • The study validates the capability of AI in advancing hydraulic engineering design and analysis.