Enchondromatosis of Both Hands With Possible Skull Bone Involvement: An Extremely Rare Condition in Adults

Multiple enchondromatosis (Ollier Disease) is characterized by the presence of enchondromas predominantly affecting long and flat bones, and only exceptionally involving cranial bones. The aim of this study is to highlight the extreme rarity of bilateral hand involvement in Ollier disease, occurring simultaneously with other unusual localizations - such as the scapula - and exceedingly rare ones, such as the vomer bone. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the psychological impact of this pathology and the need for appropriate psychological and psychiatric support for affected patients. A systematic literature search was performed to identify English-language articles published between January 2015 and July 2025 concerning Ollier disease (enchondromatosis) with bilateral hand involvement in adult patients. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The following search terms were used in various combinations: "Ollier disease," "enchondromatosis," "multiple enchondromas," "adult," "bilateral hands," "case report," "case series," and "chondrosarcoma." Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, and data were systematically recorded. In addition, we report a case of Ollier disease in a young male patient presenting with multiple rare bone lesions along with numerous comorbidities. The review confirms the exceptional rarity of cases involving both hands, with only five such reports identified in the analyzed literature. No cases of malignant transformation were reported in the studies included in this review. Ollier disease is a severe, debilitating pathology with limited therapeutic options and a significant risk of malignant transformation.