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Premedical Procedure Anxiety for Intravenous Cannulation in Hospitalized Children: A Facility-based Cross-sectional

Sunil Baliga1, S R Ravikiran2, Rajath Rao3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
|December 2, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children experience significant anxiety before intravenous (IV) cannulation, especially younger ones and those undergoing the procedure for the first time. This preprocedural anxiety strongly correlates with increased procedural pain.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric healthcare
  • Pain management
  • Child psychology

Background:

  • Inpatient children often experience anxiety related to intravenous (IV) cannulation.
  • Assessing and understanding this anxiety is crucial for effective patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess preprocedural anxiety and procedural pain in hospitalized children undergoing IV cannulation.
  • To determine the correlation between preprocedural anxiety and procedural pain.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with children aged 4-10 years.
  • Preprocedural anxiety was measured using the Venham picture test (VPT) and Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale (RMS-PS).
  • Procedural pain was assessed using the revised faces pain scale (FPS-R).

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was found between preprocedural anxiety and procedural pain (Spearman's rho: VPT vs FPS: 0.76; RMS vs FPS: 0.66, both p < 0.001).
  • Younger children (4-7 years) exhibited significantly higher anxiety levels (p < 0.001).
  • Children undergoing their first IV cannulation reported higher anxiety, with a stronger correlation to pain in this group.

Conclusions:

  • Younger children and those experiencing first-time IV cannulation report higher anxiety.
  • Preprocedural anxiety is significantly correlated with procedural pain in hospitalized children.
  • Utilizing self-report anxiety assessment tools can aid pediatric teams in implementing anxiety-alleviating strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
AnxietyCannulationChildCross-sectional studiesFacial painInpatientsPain perceptionProcedural pain

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