Histolytics: A panoptic spatial analysis framework for interpretable histopathology

Quantifying spatial organization in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) is essential for uncovering tissue-level patterns relevant to pathology. We present Histolytics, an open-source, scalable Python framework for interpretable, WSI-scale histopathological analysis. Histolytics integrates panoptic segmentation with spatial querying, morphological profiling, and graph-based analytics to enable high-resolution, quantitative characterization of nuclei, tissue compartments, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Designed to align with diagnostic reasoning, Histolytics supports segmentation with state-of-the-art deep learning models and provides modular tools for extracting biologically grounded features across entire WSIs. By leveraging spatially contextualized measurements at cellular and tissue levels, Histolytics addresses a critical gap in explainable computational pathology, offering an interpretable alternative or complement to black-box predictive models. We validated Histolytics through segmentation benchmarking on cervical and ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma data.