Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

58.8K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
58.8K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

19.3K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
19.3K
Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

7.2K
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
7.2K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.1K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.1K
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

5.0K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
5.0K
Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

921
Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
921

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The efficacy of ultrasonography-guided transvaginal needle biopsy for the preoperative diagnosis of uterine neoplasm: a case report of a young woman with low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and literature review.

Fukushima journal of medical science·2026
Same author

IL-8 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapeutic activity in renal cell carcinoma in a next-generation patient-derived xenograft model.

iScience·2026
Same author

Hydrosilylation of ω-hydroxyalkenes catalysed with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-phosphorylcholine-protected ruthenium nanoparticles.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Direct Alkane-Benzene Coupling Reactions with Bifunctional Zeolite-Encapsulated Metal Catalysts with Subnanoscale Intimacy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Synergistic Enhancement of Methanol Formation by Edge-Site FeO<sub>x</sub> Clusters and In-Plane Vacancies on MoS<sub>2</sub> for CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Stress-to-Light Conversion in an Earth-Abundant Oxide Semiconductor.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
11:54

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

10.7K

Titanium Doping Induced Anisotropic Geometric and Electronic Modifications Improve Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Naomi Naraki1, Yuto Okayama1, Takeshi Watanabe2

  • 1Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Titanium doping enhances ruthenium oxide (RuO2) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study reveals Ti doping improves OER activity, stability, and corrosion resistance by altering surface structure and electronic properties.

Keywords:
Ti dopingoxygen evolution reactionpolymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysisruthenium oxidesingle-crystal model catalysts

More Related Videos

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

3.7K
Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy
09:35

Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy

Published on: July 28, 2020

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
11:54

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

10.7K
Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

3.7K
Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy
09:35

Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy

Published on: July 28, 2020

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Metal doping is explored to boost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and stability in ruthenium oxides (RuO2).
  • The precise relationship between surface structure modifications and OER performance in doped RuO2 remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of titanium (Ti) doping on the near-surface structure and OER properties of RuO2(110) thin films in acidic media.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Ti doping influences OER activity, stability, and corrosion resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of Ti-doped RuO2(110) thin films via arc plasma deposition.
  • Characterization using in-plane X-ray diffraction and total-reflection X-ray absorption fine structure (T-XAFS).
  • Evaluation of OER performance and stability through electrochemical measurements, including constant-current electrolysis.

Main Results:

  • Uniform Ti incorporation up to 5 at% maintained RuO2(110) surface symmetry; higher doping led to TiO2 segregation and reduced symmetry.
  • Ti doping consistently improved OER activity and Tafel slope, with charge-normalized activity indicating increased surface area.
  • Ti doping significantly suppressed potential rise and ruthenium dissolution during electrolysis, indicating enhanced stability and corrosion resistance.
  • Anisotropic strain and altered electronic structure of Ru were observed due to Ti doping.

Conclusions:

  • Ti doping is an effective strategy to enhance the OER activity, stability, and corrosion resistance of RuO2(110) surfaces.
  • Synergistic effects of altered surface structure, induced lattice strain, and modified electronic properties drive the performance improvements.
  • Understanding these structure-property relationships is crucial for designing advanced electrocatalysts.