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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

Detecting Local Myocardial Spatiotemporal Repolarization Gradients With Clinical Mapping Arrays.

Tasnia Subha^1,2, Stéphane Massé², Yusuf Abderrahman²

¹University of Toronto (T.S., A.B., P.C., V.S.C., P.D., K.N.).

Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

|December 2, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

RepolLoc, a novel method, offers improved detection of repolarization changes compared to traditional Activation Recovery Interval (ARI). This advancement enhances the assessment of cardiac electrical activity and aids in identifying potential arrhythmias.

Keywords:

electrophysiologic study epicardial mapping intracardiac electrogram lidocaine pinacidil

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Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Electrophysiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Activation Recovery Interval (ARI) from unipolar electrograms is a surrogate for repolarization.
Unipolar ARI suffers from far-field signal contamination and low spatial resolution, hindering accurate assessment of repolarization gradients and alternans.
Principal component-referenced unipole methods aim to reduce contamination for better local repolarization assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate a novel method, RepolLoc, against traditional unipolar ARI for assessing local repolarization.
To evaluate the ability of RepolLoc to detect spatial and temporal repolarization changes and alternans.
To compare the spatial resolution of RepolLoc and ARI in identifying localized drug effects.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous optical and electrical mapping in rabbit and porcine Langendorff models.
Repolarization changes induced by antiarrhythmic drugs (ibutilide, pinacidil, lidocaine).
Comparison of RepolLoc and unipolar ARI with optical action potential duration (APD80) using generalized linear models.

Main Results:

RepolLoc showed a higher correlation with optical APD80 (slope=0.90) compared to unipolar ARI (slope=0.79).
RepolLoc better localized drug administration sites, showing a 26.12% reduction in localization error versus 18.66% for unipolar ARI (P=0.0046).
RepolLoc accurately tracked temporal repolarization alternans and restitution changes, mirroring optical APD80 dynamics.

Conclusions:

RepolLoc demonstrates higher sensitivity to spatiotemporal repolarization heterogeneities and alternans than traditional ARI.
RepolLoc provides accurate regional gradient assessment and alternans detection, overcoming ARI's limitations due to far-field contamination.
RepolLoc shows potential as a superior clinical mapping tool for spatiotemporal repolarization gradient analysis.