Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

2.9K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
2.9K
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

3.1K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
3.1K
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

2.9K
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
2.9K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

14.6K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
14.6K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.1K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.1K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

8.4K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Publisher Correction: Microbiota-induced T cell plasticity enables immune-mediated tumour control.

Nature·2026
Same author

Identification and characterization of dietary antigens in oral tolerance.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

Microbiota-induced T cell plasticity enables immune-mediated tumour control.

Nature·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Unravelling cysteine-deficiency-associated rapid weight loss.

Nature·2025
Same author

Niche-specific dermal macrophage loss promotes skin capillary ageing.

Nature·2025
Same author

Addendum: Unravelling cysteine-deficiency-associated rapid weight loss.

Nature·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine
09:25

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Published on: May 21, 2012

39.8K

Specialized Dendritic Cells Mediating Peripheral Tolerance to Intestinal Antigens.

Liuhui Fu1, Dan R Littman1,2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|December 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New antigen-presenting cells (APCs) induce regulatory T cells (pTreg) in the gut, maintaining immune tolerance to food and microbes. Disrupting these APCs leads to inflammation and loss of oral tolerance.

Keywords:
AIRECCR7Treg therapycDC1integrin αvβ8tolerizing dendritic cell (tolDC)

More Related Videos

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

11.1K
A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

750

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine
09:25

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Published on: May 21, 2012

39.8K
Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

11.1K
A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

750

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The immune system must balance pathogen defense with tolerance to harmless antigens like food and microbes.
  • Gut homeostasis relies on regulatory T cells (pTreg) to prevent inappropriate immune activation.
  • Understanding pTreg cell generation in the gut is crucial for peripheral tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and function of novel tolerance-inducing antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the intestine.
  • To highlight the role of these APCs in instructing pTreg cell differentiation.
  • To discuss regulatory networks governing intestinal immune tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on intestinal APCs and pTreg cell differentiation.
  • Analysis of transcription factors RORγt and PRDM16 in APC function.
  • Examination of genetic perturbations affecting APCs and immune responses.

Main Results:

  • A distinct APC lineage expressing RORγt and PRDM16 induces intestinal antigen-specific pTreg cells.
  • Perturbation of these APCs leads to pro-inflammatory T cell responses and loss of oral tolerance.
  • These APCs are critical for maintaining immune tolerance to microbiota and dietary antigens.

Conclusions:

  • Novel APCs play a vital role in establishing and maintaining gut immune tolerance.
  • These APCs instruct pTreg cell differentiation, crucial for preventing inflammation.
  • Dysfunction of these APCs can lead to allergic inflammation and breakdown of oral tolerance.