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Synergistic Defect Engineering in Ca-Based Pellets for Durable and High-Absorptance Solar Thermochemical Energy

Sijia Guo1, Huaning Wang1, Yuan Yao1

  • 1Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.

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Summary

Engineered calcium carbonate/oxide materials significantly improve solar thermochemical energy storage (TCES) by enhancing solar absorptance and energy density. This defect engineering strategy offers a path to low-cost, large-scale TCES for a carbon-neutral future.

Keywords:
calcium‐looping (CaL)concentrated solar power (CSP)cycling stabilitypelletizationsolar absorptancethermochemical energy storage (TCES)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Solar thermochemical energy storage (TCES) is crucial for a carbon-neutral future but faces challenges with conventional materials.
  • Poor solar absorptance, degradation, and low energy density limit large-scale, cost-effective TCES implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel TCES material with enhanced solar absorptance, thermal conductivity, and energy density.
  • To address the limitations of conventional calcium carbonate/oxide materials through a multi-scale synergistic defect engineering strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Rational design of Mn/Mg co-doped calcium carbonate/oxide pellets guided by predictive ray-tracing and density functional theory.
  • Multi-scale defect engineering involving 0D point defects and 3D nano-precipitates to influence lattice strain and grain boundaries.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a dramatic increase in solar absorptance from 3.4% to 78.5%.
  • Enhanced thermal conductivity by 1.54-fold and demonstrated exceptional cycling durability.
  • Reached an average volumetric energy density of 877.9 MJ m⁻³ over 123 cycles, significantly higher than pristine materials.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multi-scale defect synergy effectively resolves key limitations in TCES materials.
  • This work delivers a record-performing TCES material and a theory-guided strategy for designing advanced energy storage materials.