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Exploring intra-individual oral microbiome diversity and streptococcal colonization patterns.

E Cihan1, J L Penney1, G J Humphreys1

  • 1Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.

Journal of Applied Microbiology
|December 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain Streptococcus clones, like S. vestibularis, colonize multiple oral sites in healthy adults, indicating shared reservoirs. These findings shed light on oral microbiome stability and bacterial distribution patterns.

Keywords:
next-generation sequencingoral microbiomestreptococcal colonization

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Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiology
  • Microbiome research
  • Bacterial genetics

Background:

  • The oral cavity harbors a complex microbial ecosystem.
  • Understanding bacterial colonization patterns is crucial for oral health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate bacterial colonization and distribution across oral tissues.
  • Analyze intra- and inter-individual patterns of Streptococcus clonality and microbial composition.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 30 samples from five healthy adults across six oral sites.
  • Used repetitive sequence-based PCR for Streptococcus clonality assessment.
  • Employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbial community characterization.

Main Results:

  • 67.3% of 98 Streptococcus isolates were clonal, often found at multiple sites within individuals.
  • Identical S. vestibularis clones were detected across various sites, suggesting shared reservoirs.
  • Microbial communities differed significantly by oral site, with saliva showing highest diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial communities vary across oral sites, but specific Streptococcus clones can inhabit multiple locations.
  • Potential intra-oral reservoirs of certain streptococcal clones may contribute to microbiome stability.