Efficacy of Five Types of Myopia Control Glasses Among Indian Children

To determine the efficacy of five types of myopia control glasses (MCG) among Indian children.

A retrospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up was done in 397 eyes of 216 children aged 4 to 17 years, with myopia between -0.75 and -10.00 diopters (D), astigmatism of 4.00 D or less, and baseline progression of 0.50 D or greater. Data from children prescribed type I (defocus incorporated multiple segments), type II (highly aspherical lenslet target), type III (cylindrical annular refractive elements), type IV (peripheral defocus reducing lenses), and type V (pediatric progressive addition lenses) MCG were analyzed. Mean change in spherical equivalence of refractive error (SER) and axial length (AL) and percentage efficacy in reducing SER and AL progression to physiological levels were compared. Subgroup analysis was done by age, gender, and amount of myopia.

Mean change in SER and AL at 6 and 12 months with all MCG combined was -0.05 ± 0.23 D, -0.26 ± 0.43 D, 0.07 ± 0.11 mm, and 0.16 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. No statistically significant difference was noted between types I, II, and III. Axial and refractive efficacy at 6 and 12 months of all MCG combined was 42.34%, 43.99%, 90.41%, and 68.91%, respectively. There was no significant difference among boys and girls. The older group showed significantly better axial efficacy (P < .01) at 6 and 12 months. Refractive efficacy was significantly higher at 12 months (P < .01) among children with low myopia.

Types I, II, and III MCG are equally efficacious in controlling myopia progression among Indian children, with better results among older children and those with low myopia.