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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

212
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
212
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

212
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
212
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

221
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
221
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

183
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
183
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

216
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
216
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

407
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
407

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes
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Intravenous Iron Use in Older Adults.

Hsin-Hui Chen1, Katie E Cardone1

  • 1Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York.

Journal of Gerontological Nursing
|December 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Intravenous (IV) iron is a safe and effective treatment for iron deficiency in older adults when oral iron fails. It rapidly replenishes iron stores, improving health and quality of life with minimal risks.

Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Iron deficiency (ID) is prevalent in older adults, linked to poor health outcomes.
  • Oral iron is often poorly tolerated or absorbed in this population.
  • Intravenous (IV) iron offers an alternative for managing ID in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of IV iron therapy in older adults.
  • To discuss practical considerations for administering IV iron to geriatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on IV iron in older adults.
  • Analysis of efficacy, safety, and tolerability data.
  • Consideration of clinical scenarios and comorbidities.

Main Results:

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  • IV iron effectively restores iron levels and improves hemoglobin, function, and quality of life.
  • It reduces the need for blood transfusions.
  • Common comorbidities like CKD and heart failure often indicate IV iron use.
  • Adverse events are rare, with allergic reactions and infusion reactions being most common.

Conclusions:

  • IV iron is a safe and effective treatment for older adults with iron deficiency.
  • It provides rapid and reliable iron repletion when oral iron is not suitable.
  • Individualized treatment considering patient comorbidities and risks is essential for optimal outcomes.