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Metastasis

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Micromanipulation of Circulating Tumor Cells for Downstream Molecular Analysis and Metastatic Potential Assessment

Micromanipulation of Circulating Tumor Cells for Downstream Molecular Analysis and Metastatic Potential Assessment

Published on: May 14, 2019

Cell surface vimentin-positive circulating tumor cells: developments, and clinical applications.

Jie Zhong^1,2,3, Meiling Du⁴, Hongyi Yi^1,2

¹Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315000, People's Republic of China.

Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England)

|December 2, 2025

Summary

Cell surface vimentin (CSV) is a promising marker for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review highlights CSV-positive CTCs (CSV+ CTCs) detection technologies, functions, and clinical uses.

Keywords:

Cell surface vimentin (CSV)Circulating tumor cells (CTCs)Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)Liquid biopsy

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Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Micromanipulation of Circulating Tumor Cells for Downstream Molecular Analysis and Metastatic Potential Assessment

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Published on: May 14, 2019

Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell CTC Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications

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Published on: February 28, 2014

Capture and Release of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood

Capture and Release of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood

Published on: October 28, 2016

Area of Science:

Oncology
Cell Biology
Biomarkers

Background:

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are crucial in liquid biopsy for cancer management.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CTCs causes heterogeneity and underdetection by standard methods due to marker loss (e.g., EpCAM).
Cell surface vimentin (CSV) is a potential marker for identifying mesenchymal-like CTCs.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of CSV-positive circulating tumor cells (CSV+ CTCs).
To focus on the detection technologies, biological roles, and clinical significance of CSV+ CTCs.
To highlight CSV as a key marker for capturing challenging EMT-CTCs.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent advancements in CSV+ CTC research.
Analysis of detection strategies for CSV+ CTCs.
Synthesis of data on the biological functions and clinical applications of CSV+ CTCs.

Main Results:

CSV is an effective marker for identifying CTCs with mesenchymal phenotypes, overcoming limitations of epithelial marker detection.
Emerging technologies show promise for the specific capture and analysis of CSV+ CTCs.
CSV+ CTCs have significant implications in metastasis and treatment monitoring.

Conclusions:

CSV represents a valuable target for improving the detection and understanding of heterogeneous CTC populations.
CSV+ CTCs hold potential for advancing liquid biopsy applications in oncology.
Further research into CSV+ CTCs can enhance cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring.