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Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk and Predictors in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Yu-Chin Ma1, Shiou-Rung Lin2, Jiin-Ling Jiang1
1Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan.
International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine
|December 2, 2025
Summary
Over half of patients with chronic schizophrenia have an elevated risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Insomnia severity and central obesity are key predictors, highlighting the need for screening and intervention in this population.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Sleep Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness with significant physical health comorbidities.
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that may be underdiagnosed in psychiatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
- To identify predictors of OSA risk in this patient group.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional survey was administered to 441 institutionalized patients with chronic schizophrenia.
- Participants completed validated questionnaires including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and STOP-Bang Questionnaire (SBQ).
- Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with an elevated OSA risk (SBQ score ≥3).
Main Results:
- Over half of the participants (53.5%) were identified as being at risk for OSA.
- Increased waist circumference (OR = 1.08 per cm) and higher insomnia severity scores (OR = 1.09 per point) were significantly associated with increased OSA risk.
- Central obesity and insomnia severity emerged as primary correlates of OSA risk.
Conclusions:
- Patients with chronic schizophrenia exhibit a high prevalence of OSA risk.
- Insomnia severity and central obesity are significant predictors of OSA risk in this population.
- Routine OSA screening, continuous monitoring, and integrated care are crucial for managing OSA in patients with schizophrenia.
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