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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Rhodococcus species are known for their metabolic versatility and role in bioremediation.
  • Crude oil contamination poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating the identification of effective microbial degraders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel Rhodococcus strain, DK17T, isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil.
  • To investigate the taxonomic placement of strain DK17T and Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 through comparative genomics and phenotypic analyses.
  • To assess the o-xylene degradation capabilities of strain DK17T and R. jostii RHA1.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing for initial identification.
  • Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) for species delineation.
  • Comparative genomic analysis to assess gene content and evolutionary relationships.
  • Phenotypic characterization including fatty acid and quinone profiling.
  • In vitro assays to confirm o-xylene degradation.

Main Results:

  • Strain DK17T showed 99.93% 16S rRNA gene similarity to Rhodococcus jostii DSM 44719T but failed ANI and dDDH species delineation thresholds.
  • DK17T exhibited high ANI (>99%) and dDDH (>92%) values with R. jostii RHA1, with significant shared gene content (93.5%).
  • Both DK17T and R. jostii RHA1 possess large genomes, multiple dioxygenases, and secondary metabolite gene clusters, and confirmed o-xylene degradation.
  • Chemotaxonomic data (major fatty acid C16:0, dominant quinone menaquinone-8) were consistent between DK17T and R. jostii RHA1.

Conclusions:

  • Strain DK17T represents a novel species, Rhodococcus aromaticivorans sp. nov.
  • Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 should be reclassified as a member of Rhodococcus aromaticivorans sp. nov.
  • The findings highlight the potential of these Rhodococcus strains in the bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons like o-xylene.