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High-Performance Quasi-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries: Interface Engineering Using Solid-Liquid Dual Therapy by

Kuntal Ghosh1, Mononita Das1, Alok Kumar Chaudhary1,2

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|December 2, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a dual-therapy approach for solid-state lithium metal batteries, enhancing performance and stability. The method combines solid and liquid treatments to overcome interfacial challenges and dendrite growth in lithium batteries.

Keywords:
garnet electrolytemetal−electrolyte interfacesintering aidsolid-state lithium metal batteriessolvated ionic liquid

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) face challenges with interfacial incompatibility and lithium dendrite growth.
  • Existing electrolytes often suffer from poor conductivity and limited electrochemical stability.
  • Developing robust interfaces is crucial for safe and efficient SSLMBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dual-therapy strategy for enhancing SSLMB performance.
  • To address interfacial issues and dendrite formation using combined solid and liquid treatments.
  • To improve ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of solid electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Solid therapy: incorporating NiO as a sintering aid into Ga-doped LLZO (GN050) to improve densification and conductivity.
  • Liquid therapy: infusing a solvated ionic liquid (SIL) into the treated LLZO (GN050-SIL).
  • Electrochemical characterization, including ionic conductivity, interfacial resistance, plating/stripping tests, and full-cell performance evaluation.

Main Results:

  • NiO addition enhanced LLZO grain boundary conductivity by ~7 times and improved densification.
  • GN050-SIL achieved high ionic conductivity (0.252 mS·cm⁻¹), low interfacial resistance (87.4 Ω), and a wide potential window (>5.5 V).
  • Stable Li plating/stripping for >1000 h with a critical current density of 0.55 mA·cm⁻² and superior full-cell performance were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The dual-therapy approach effectively mitigates interfacial issues and dendrite growth in SSLMBs.
  • This method offers a promising pathway toward scalable and stable solid-state lithium metal batteries.
  • The engineered electrolyte exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and long-term cycling stability.