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Neuroendocrine timekeepers: changes in normal and premature aging
Maria Petricǎ1, Marisa Ferreira-Marques2, Rodrigo F N Ribeiro3
1CNC-UC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Abstract:
The hypothalamus is a central regulator of circadian rhythms, metabolism, and endocrine function, integrating internal and external cues to maintain physiological homeostasis. Aging impairs hypothalamic function, leading to metabolic changes, sleep disturbances, and a higher risk of age-related disease. Laminopathies - rare genetic disorders marked by premature aging - exhibit profound neuroendocrine and circadian rhythm dysfunction, offering insights into mechanisms of hypothalamic aging. The complex interplay between the hypothalamus, circadian rhythms, and systemic aging highlights the critical role of neuroendocrine crosstalk in the regulation of health span and life span. This review summarizes emerging molecular and physiological insights into hypothalamic aging and circadian misalignment, and highlights potential interventions, such as chronotherapy and caloric restriction, that may alleviate hypothalamic alterations and promote healthy aging.
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