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Testing individual differences in the preparation effect.

Koby Lindzen1, Roy Shoval2,3, Tal Makovski1

  • 1Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, University Rd. 1 , 4353701, Ra'anana, Israel.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People do not inhibit upcoming distractors but become more alert. This preparation effect is rigid and unaffected by working memory capacity or selective attention abilities, suggesting a mandatory processing mechanism.

Keywords:
AlertnessIndividual differencesPreparation effectSelective attentionWorking memory capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Attention Studies

Background:

  • The preparation effect describes heightened alertness to upcoming distractors, rather than active inhibition.
  • Individual differences may influence the magnitude of this preparation effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate individual differences in the preparation effect.
  • To determine if the preparation effect correlates with working memory capacity or selective attention abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two large, online, pre-registered studies.
  • Assessed the relationship between the preparation effect and measures of working memory and selective attention.

Main Results:

  • The magnitude of the preparation effect showed no correlation with working memory capacity.
  • The preparation effect was also not related to the ability to filter irrelevant information.
  • Increased preparation did not alter interference from distractor displays.

Conclusions:

  • The preparation effect appears rigid and independent of working memory capacity and selective attention.
  • Findings support a mandatory 'process-all mechanism' underlying the preparation effect.
  • The preparation effect does not influence distractor rejection.