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Phytochemicals (PCHs) show promise as natural antiviral agents by enhancing immune responses and targeting viral pathways. This review explores their mechanisms and potential for treating viral infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Natural product chemistry
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Viral diseases pose a significant global health threat, driving the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Immunomodulators, which enhance the host immune system, represent a promising alternative or adjunct to traditional antiviral drugs.
  • Phytochemicals (PCHs) from plants possess antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, showing broad-spectrum antiviral activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advanced mechanisms by which phytochemicals (PCHs) modulate immune function during viral infections.
  • To evaluate the potential of PCHs as immunomodulatory agents for treating viral diseases.
  • To discuss the current clinical limitations of PCHs in antiviral therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating phytochemicals (PCHs) and their effects on viral infections and immune responses.
  • Analysis of research on PCHs targeting specific signaling pathways, such as those involved in cytokine storms.
  • Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of PCHs on cellular and molecular interactions within the immune system.

Main Results:

  • Phytochemicals (PCHs) demonstrate broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, dengue, hepatitis, and herpes viruses.
  • PCHs modulate host immunity, enhancing antiviral responses and interfering with viral replication through complex cellular signaling networks.
  • Specific PCHs can target signaling pathways implicated in cytokine storms, mitigating excessive inflammation and immune cell overactivation.

Conclusions:

  • Phytochemicals (PCHs) offer a promising therapeutic avenue for viral infections due to their immunomodulatory and antiviral properties.
  • Further research and clinical evaluation are necessary to overcome the limitations and fully realize the potential of PCHs in treating viral diseases.