Unraveling the Pathogenesis of Asian Atopic Dermatitis: Key Characteristics and Insights

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and immune factors, with notable ethnic variations in its prevalence and mechanisms. In Asian populations, distinct immunopathogenic features include the significant roles of helper (Th) 17 and Th22 cytokine pathways, differing from other ethnic groups. Key genetic variations related to immune regulation and skin barrier function are more prevalent in Asians. Microbiome studies reveal the role of Staphylococcus aureus in AD skin and emerging microbial species linked to microbiome dysbiosis and the gut-skin axis. Environmental factors like pollution and fine dust further exacerbate symptoms in Asia. This study consolidates findings to highlight the genetic, immunological, microbiome, and environmental factors contributing to AD's unique characteristics in Asians. Tailored treatment approaches are essential for improving outcomes and management of AD in diverse populations.