A single-center study on epidemiology, microbial distribution, and mortality predictors in catheter-related...

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are an important cause of mortality, and increased healthcare costs. The study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, microbial distribution, and predictors of 28-day mortality in CRBSI cases at a tertiary hospital from 2021 to 2023.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 142 confirmed CRBSI cases identified among 4297 blood culture specimens. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, microbial pathogens, and patient outcomes were analyzed. Logistic regression was applied to determine independent predictors of 28-day mortality.

From 2021 to 2023, a significant decline was observed in the incidence of CRBSIs (P < 0.05). The median patient age was 57.0 years, and the median interval from catheter insertion to CRBSI onset was 11.5 days. The 28-day mortality rate among patients with CRBSIs was 23.94%. Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant pathogens (53.42%), with Staphylococcus aureus as the most common pathogen, followed by Gram-negative bacteria (25.34%) and fungi (21.23%). Factors independently associated with mortality included advanced age, ICU admission, altered consciousness, and low hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hemodialysis, and infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative or fungi were also independently associated with increased mortality.

CRBSIs remain a serious healthcare challenge with a high mortality rate, particularly in older patients with comorbidities and prolonged ICU stays. Early identification of high-risk groups and targeted interventions are essential.