Norwegian district medical officers' experiences during Covid-19: A qualitative study

Background/aims: Municipalities in Norway are required to have a district medical officer (DMO) as chief medical advisor and leader of infection control and prevention work. There is great variation between municipalities in how the role is enacted and organized. Before the Covid-19 pandemic many DMOs felt their role to be unclear and invisible in the organization. This study aimed to explore DMOs' experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic and how organizational context mediated these experiences. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study, generating data from three focus groups involving 17 DMOs from three different regions in Norway. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation. Results: All DMOs, regardless of municipal size, position size or infection rate, reported feeling overwhelmed by the responsibility during the pandemic. Their organizational outset, number of tasks, number of enquiries and uncertain foundation for decisions contributed to this experience. Organizational characteristics that promoted DMOs' coping were resource allocation, teamwork, and professional and social support. Conclusions: Our results suggest that municipalities can enhance their crisis management of future infection control crises by establishing an organizational structure around DMOs that facilitates networking, and by developing plans for task delegation and creation of teams to support and alleviate DMOs during a crisis.