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A MOF-Based Paramagnetic Oxygen Gas Sensor.

Aleksandr A Efremov1,2, Ramis Zhitkeyev1,2, Kanstantsin S Livanovich3

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|December 3, 2025
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A novel oxygen sensor using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and a metal-organic framework (MOF) composite offers rapid and accurate detection. This advanced system outperforms commercial models, enabling precise oxygen monitoring across various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate and fast oxygen sensing is critical for industrial, environmental, and medical applications.
  • Existing oxygen sensors often face limitations in sensitivity, response time, or operational range.
  • Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) offers a sensitive detection method for paramagnetic species like oxygen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel gas-phase oxygen sensing system with enhanced performance.
  • To integrate a nitroxide spin probe within a ZIF-8 metal-organic framework for EPR detection.
  • To optimize the sensing material, EPR protocol, and gas delivery for improved accuracy and speed.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a ZIF-8 metal-organic framework composite with an embedded nitroxide spin probe.
  • Adaptation and optimization of continuous wave EPR experimental protocols.
  • Development of a custom gas delivery system for static and flow experiments.
  • Testing the sensor's performance across a wide range of oxygen concentrations and response times.

Main Results:

  • The developed oxygen sensing system demonstrated reliable detection from 0.02% to 95% oxygen concentration.
  • Achieved rapid response times ranging from 550 milliseconds to 2 seconds without compromising accuracy.
  • Significantly outperformed commercially available industrial oxygen sensing models in performance metrics.
  • The sensor module's simplicity allows for potential integration into an EPR-on-a-chip device for cost and size reduction.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of spin probes into engineered porous frameworks provides a powerful platform for developing advanced oxygen sensors.
  • The novel EPR-based system offers a tunable and accurate solution for diverse oxygen sensing demands in industry and research.
  • Future optimization for EPR-on-a-chip devices promises smaller, more affordable, and highly effective oxygen sensing modules.