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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
Published on: January 7, 2022
High-Entropy Chemical Composition Design for Ultrahigh Capacitive Energy Storage
Muhammad Habib1, Haoyu Wang2, Weisan Fang2
1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China.
None:
Superior energy-storage performance is imperative for next-generation electronics and pulsed power systems. However, in lead-free dielectric ceramics, achieving synergistic optimization of energy storage performance remains a critical challenge. The central obstacle lies in the simultaneous enhancement of both energy density (Wrec) and efficiency (η). Herein, a high-entropy lead-free Bi0.32Na0.32Ba0.32La0.04TiO3-NaNbO3 ceramics system is designed, guided by phase-field simulations and a strategic chemical composition approach. The synergistic effect of La-donor doping and NaNbO3 addition induces local random fields and local random stresses, stabilizing multiphase ultrasmall polar nanoregions. Benefiting from these features, an ultrahigh energy storage performance of Wrec ≈ 12.4 J cm- 3 and η ≈ 82.6% is realized under the applied field 790 kV cm-1. Furthermore, a large Wrec of ≈6.2 J cm-3 and a high η ≈ 85.8% with less than 5% variation across a broad temperature (30-150 °C) range are highly promising results for lead-free ceramics. This study marks a significant advancement in the energy storage performance and also provides a paradigm for the development of new lead-free ceramics for the next generation of pulsed power applications.
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